Muscles of the Head and Neck

  1. Sternocleidomastoid (SCM): This muscle, located on each side of the neck, allows for rotation and flexion of the head. When both sides contract together, they flex the neck; when one side contracts, it rotates the head to the opposite side.

  2. Trapezius: This large, diamond-shaped muscle in the upper back and neck assists in multiple movements of the head and neck. Its upper fibers help in extending the head, while the middle and lower fibers aid in lateral flexion and rotation.

  3. Semispinalis Capitis and Splenius Capitis: These deeper muscles are responsible for extending and rotating the head and neck.

muscles