Evolution:  Review Guide

A large portion of this test will be true/false and multiple choice.  There will be an essay question section.  Review selected essays for some ideas on what the essay question may be.

Readings

Chapter 17­ 20. Chapter 32 (Human Evolution)
”Contrivances: A Panda’s Thumb”
”How Females Choose Their Mates”

A Big Fat Word List

Adaptation

Analogous Structures

Artificial Selection

Coevolution

Convergent Evolution

Evolution

Creationism

Fossil

Homologous Structures

Acquired Characteristics

Natural Selection

Population

Species

Vestigial Structures

Common Ancestor

Scala Naturae

Charles Darwin

Galapagos Islands

Finches

Gene Pool

Population Genetics

Mutation

Equilibrium Population

Genetic Drift

Population Bottleneck

Founder Effect

Sexual Selection

Directional Selection

Stabilizing Selection

Disruptive Selection

Peppered Moths

Competition

Symbiosis

Predation

Kin Selection

Extinction

Speciation

Allopatric Speciation

Sympatric Speciation

Geographical Isolation

Premating Isolating Mechanism

Postmating Isolation Mechanism

Courtship rituals

Phyletic Speciation

Divergent Speciation

Morphology

Gradualism

Punctuated Equilibrium

Temporal Isolation

Spontaneous Generation

Precambrian Explosion

Era/Period

Prebiotic evolution

Louis Pasteur

Stanley Miller Apparatus

Prokaryote

Eukaryote

Endosymbiotic Hypothesis

Lobe-finned fish

Archaeopteryx

Ambulocetus

“Good Genes” hypothesis

Handicap Principle

Primate

Binocular Vision

Grasping hands

Hominid

Australopithecus

Homo habilis

Homo erectus

Homo sapiens

Neanderthal

Cro-Magnon

“Out of Africa” Hypothesis

Multiregional Hypothesis

Lucy

Panda’s Thumb

Phylogeny

Paleontology

“The Origin of Species”

Food for Thought

1. Describe the history of evoluationary thought, from Aristotle's "Scala Naturae" to Lamarke to Darwin & Wallace's Theory.

2. What observations did Darwin make that lead him to the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection?

3. Distinguish between homologous structures, analogous structures and vestigial structures.

4. Give examples of observed evolution.

5. What evidence supports the Theory of Evolution?

6. Why is creationism not considered to be a scientific theory?

7. Why do small populations tend to evolve faster than larger populations (see genetic drift)?

8. Distinguish between directional, stabilizing, and disruptive selection.

9. What criteria would need to be met in order for a population to NOT evolve?

10. What are transitional fossils? Give examples.

11. How does sexual selection and predation affect guppy coloration?

12. What is the difference between evolution and speciation?

13. How was spontaneous generation disproven?

14. Desribe several ways (types of selection) populations can be influenced to change.

15. Compare allopatric to sympatric speciation

16. Define species. How do we know when organisms are in the same species?

17. What can cause one species to evolve into two different species. (divergent speciation)

18. What can cause one species to accumulate so many changes that new populations are distinct from older populations. (phyletic speciation)

19. Create a timeline showing the hominid fossils and populations.

20. Describe each group of hominids. How do we know what we know about them.

21. What hypotheses explain why female guppies (or females of any species) to choose flashy mates.

22. What prevents interbreeding between individuals of different species?

23. Compare gradualism to punctuated equilibrium. Which is most likely the correct model?

24. How do fossils show evidence of evolution.

25. What is the "Out of Africa" hypothesis?

A Picture is Worth a Thousand Words

-each picture below represents some aspect or concept of evolution.