Chapter 13 Genetic Engineering
13-1 Changing the Living World

Selective Breeding

Takes advantage of naturally occurring genetic variation in organisms & passes them on to next generation
Most domestic animals & crops have been produced this way (horses, cats, Burbank, potato)
Humans use this to pass desired traits on to the next generation of organisms

Hybridization = crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together the best traits of both organisms
Produces hybrids - which are often hardier than parents
Hybrids have combined/desired traits of both parents

Inbreeding = continued breeding of individuals with similar characteristics to maintain the desired characteristics of a line (ex. pure breed golden retriever)
Has risks… increases breed's susceptibility to disease & deformities

Increasing Variation
Breeders can increase variation in a population by inducing mutations
Mutation = any change in DNA
Mutations occur spontaneously, but rate can be increased through radiation & chemicals

Mutations produce new kinds of bacteria
ex. oil-eating bacteria (fig.13-3 p.320)

Mutations produce new kinds of plants Ex. day lilies, bananas, citrus fruits (fig. 13-4 p.321)

13-2 -13-4

Genetic Engineering - manipulating DNA

Notes (coming soon) Here's some pics