The Parts of the Cell

The Nucleus

--nuclear envelope, has pores for transport of RNA (2)
-- chromatin, DNA (A)
--nucleolus ,makes ribosomes (1)

nucleus

Endoplasmic Reticulum -- Transport System

Rough ER (has ribosomes) | Smooth ER

Golgi Apparatus -- Delivery System    

Cis Face | Trans Face | Cisternae (folds)
Vesicles - packages of proteins

Ribosomes - Protein Synthesis

Each ribosome has a large and small subunit
Messenger RNA is threaded through the ribosomes
Transfer RNA builds a protein based on the code of the mRNA

Lysosomes - Digestion Centers

--"suicide sac" -  apoptosis
--digest other particles taken in by phagocytosis

 TAY-SACHS disease – missing an enzyme of the lysosomes that breaks down a fatty substance.  Over time this fat builds up in the brain and nervous tissue, smothering the cells.  Results in cell death, and eventually shutting down of the nervous system and death, often in early childhood.

Other Organelles

-- Peroxisomes – result in hydrogen peroxide, broken down by catalase
-- Vacuole  --  mainly storage or specific functions (contractile vacuole)
-- Plant cells have a CENTRAL VACUOLE  - used for storage and help to maintain hydrostatic pressure

ENERGY RELATED ORGANELLES

mitochondria

Mitochondria - The Cell's Chemical Furnaces

Inner Membrane | Outer Membrane | Cristae | Matrix

Mitochondrial disorders result in cells being starved of energy.

Chloroplasts - Where Photosynthesis Takes Place

chloroplast

What do the mitochondria and chloroplasts have in common?

Cytoskeleton - Support System

Microfilaments (actin filaments) - cell support, shape, structure
Microtubules - form the spindle during cell division
Centrioles – used during cell division to move and separate chromosomes, only found in animal cell

Pseudopod - extensions of the cytoplasm
Cilia & Flagella -both function for movement, or for sweeping particles